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Applications and Real-Time Area (art) Internet Engineering Task Force CBOR YANG Schema Item iDentifiers (YANG SID) are globally unique 63-bit unsigned integers used to identify YANG items, as a more compact method to identify YANG items that can be used for efficiency and in constrained environments (RFC 7228). This document defines the semantics, the registration, and assignment processes of YANG SIDs for IETF managed YANG modules. To enable the implementation of these processes, this document also defines a file format used to persist and publish assigned YANG SIDs. The present version (–21) updates the ietf-system.sid example to correctly provide SIDs for the RPCs in ietf-system.yang.

Introduction Some of the items defined in YANG require the use of a unique identifier. In both Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) and RESTCONF , these identifiers are implemented using names. To allow the implementation of data models defined in YANG in constrained devices and constrained networks, a more compact method to identify YANG items is required. This compact identifier, called YANG Schema Item iDentifier or YANG SID (or simply SID in this document and when the context is clear), is encoded using a 63-bit unsigned integer. The limitation to 63-bit unsigned integers allows SIDs to be manipulated more easily on platforms that might otherwise lack 64-bit unsigned arithmetic. The loss of a single bit of range is not significant given the size of the remaining space. The following items are identified using SIDs:

• identities
• data nodes (Note: including those nodes defined by the 'rc:yang-data' and 'sx:structure' extensions.)
• remote procedure calls (RPCs) and associated input(s) and output(s)
• actions and associated input(s) and output(s)
• notifications and associated information
• YANG modules and features

It is possible that some protocols use only a subset of the assigned SIDs, for example, for protocols equivalent to NETCONF like the transportation of YANG module SIDs might be unnecessary. Other protocols might need to be able to transport this information, for example protocols related to discovery such as Constrained YANG Module Library . SIDs are globally unique integers. A registration system is used in order to guarantee their uniqueness. SIDs are registered in blocks called "SID ranges". SIDs are assigned permanently. Items introduced by a new revision of a YANG module are added to the list of SIDs already assigned. This is discussed in more detail in . Assignment of SIDs to YANG items is usually automated as discussed in , which also discusses some cases where manual interventions may be appropriate. provides more details about the registration process of YANG modules and associated SIDs. To enable the implementation of this registry, defines a standard file format used to store and publish SIDs. IETF managed YANG modules that need to allocate SIDs use the IANA mechanism specified in this document. YANG modules created by other parties allocate SID ranges using the IANA allocation mechanisms via Mega-Ranges (see ); within the Mega-Range allocation, those other parties are free to make up their own mechanism. Among other uses, YANG SIDs are particularly useful to obtain a compact encoding for YANG-CBOR . At the time of writing, a tool for automated ".sid" file generation is available as part of the open-source project PYANG .

Terminology and Notation The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. The following terms are defined in :

• action
• feature
• module
• notification
• RPC
• schema node
• schema tree
• submodule

This specification also makes use of the following terminology:

• item: A schema node, an identity, a module, or a feature defined using the YANG modeling language.
• schema-node path: A schema-node path is a string that identifies a schema node within the schema tree. A path consists of the list of consecutive schema node identifier(s) separated by slashes ("/"). Schema node identifier(s) are always listed from the top-level schema node up to the targeted schema node and could contain namespace information. (e.g. "/ietf-system:system-state/clock/current-datetime")
• Namespace-qualified form - a schema node identifier is prefixed with the name of the module in which the schema node is defined, separated from the schema node identifier by the colon character (":").
• YANG Schema Item iDentifier (YANG SID or simply SID): Unsigned integer used to identify different YANG items.

Objectives The overriding objective of the SID assignment and registration system is to ensure global interoperability of protocols that employ SIDs in order to communicate about data modeled in YANG. This objective poses certain requirements on the stability of SIDs while at the same time not hindering active evolution of the YANG modules the SIDs are intended to support. Additional objectives include:

• enabling the developer of a YANG module to also be the originating entity for the SIDs pertaining to that module.
• making it easy for YANG developers to obtain SIDs.
• enabling other developers to define SIDs for a module where the developer of the module is not interested in assigning the SIDs.
• keeping an assignment regime that keeps short (2..4 byte) SIDs readily available for the applications that would benefit from them while at the same time employing the vast 63-bit SID space to facilitate permissionless actions.
• enabling multiple entities to provide services that support the assignment of SIDs.
• maintaining some locality in the assignment of SIDs so the efficiencies of the SID delta mechanism can be fully employed.
• enabling various software components to deal in terms of SIDs without having complete information about other parties in the communication process.

While IANA ultimately maintains the registries that govern SIDs for IETF-defined modules, various support tools such as yangcatalog.org need to provide the support to enable SID assignment and use for modules still in IETF development. Developers of open-source or proprietary YANG modules also need to be able to serve as such entities autonomously, possibly forming alliances independent of the IETF, while still fitting in the overall SID number space managed by IANA. Obviously, this process has a number of parallels to the management of IP addresses, but also is very different.

Technical Objectives As discussed in the introduction, SIDs are intended as globally unique (unsigned) integers. Specifically, this means that:

Objective 1 (MUST):

any 63-bit unsigned integer is either unassigned as a SID or immutably maps to EXACTLY one YANG name. Only the transition from unassigned to that immutable mapping is defined.

This enables a recipient of a data structure employing SIDs to translate them into the globally meaningful YANG names that the existing encodings of YANG data such as YANG-XML and YANG-JSON employ today. The term YANG name is not defined outside this document, and YANG has a complex system of names and entities that can have those names. Instead of defining the term technically, this set of objectives uses it in such a way that the overall objectives of YANG-SID can be achieved. A desirable objective is that:

Objective 2 (SHOULD):

any YANG name in active use has one SID assigned.

This means that:

1. There should not be YANG names without SIDs assigned
2. YANG names should not have multiple SIDs assigned

These objectives are unattainable in full, because YANG names are not necessarily born with a SID assignment, and because entirely autonomous entities might decide to assign SIDs for the same YANG name like ships in the night. Note that as long as this autonomy is maintained, any single observer will have the impression that Objective 2 is attained. Only when entities that have acted autonomously start communicating, a deviation is observed.

Module evolution, versioning YANG modules evolve. The technical objectives listed above are states in terms that are independent of this evolution. However, some modules are still in a very fluid state, and the assignment of permanent SIDs to the YANG names created in them is less desirable. This is not only true for new modules, but also for emerging new revisions of existing stable modules.

Objective 3 (MUST):

the SID management system is independent from any module versioning.

Solution Components and Derived Objectives A registration system is used in order to guarantee the uniqueness of SIDs. To be able to provide some autonomy in allocation (and avoid information disclosure where it is not desirable), SIDs are registered in blocks called "SID ranges". SIDs are assigned permanently. Items introduced by a new revision of a YANG module are added to the list of SIDs already assigned.

Parties and Roles In the YANG development process, we can discern a number of parties that are concerned with a YANG module:

module controller:

The owner of the YANG module, i.e., the controller about its evolution.

registration entity:

The controller of the module namespace, specifically also of the prefixes that are in common use. (This is not a required party.)

module repository:

An entity that supplies modules to module users. This can be "official" (e.g., IANA for IETF modules) or unofficial (e.g., yangcatalog.org). Not all repositories are in a position to act as a registry, i.e., as a permanent record for the information they supply; these repositories need to recur to module owners as a stable source.

module user:

An entity that uses a module, after obtaining it from the module controller or a module repository.

This set of parties needs to evolve to take on the additional roles that the SID assignment process requires:

SID assigner:

An entity that assigns SIDs for a module. Objective 2 requires that there is only one SID assigner for each module. SID assigners preferably stay the same over a module development process; however this specification provides SID files to ensure an organized handover.

SID range registries:

The entities that supply a SID assigner with SID ranges that they can use in assigning SIDs for a module. (In this specification, there is a structure with mega-ranges and individual SID ranges; this is not relevant here.)

SID repository:

An entity that supplies SID assignments to SID users, usually in the form of a SID file.

SID users:

The module user that uses the SIDs provided by a SID assigner for a YANG module. SID users need to find SID assigners (or at least their SID assignments).

During the introduction of SIDs, the distribution of the SID roles to the existing parties for a YANG module will evolve. The desirable end state of this evolution is:

Role	Party
SID assigner	module developer
SID range registry	(as discussed in this specification)
SID repository	module repository
SID user	module user (naturally)

This grouping of roles and parties puts the module developer into a position where it can achieve the objectives laid out in this section (a "type-1", "SID-guiding" module controller). (While a third party might theoretically assign additional SIDs and conflict with objective 2, there is very little reason to do so if SID files are always provided by the module developer with the module.) The rest of this section is concerned with the transition to this end state. For existing modules, there is no SID file. The entity that stands in as the SID assigner is not specified. This situation has the highest potential of a conflict with objective 2. Similarly, for new module development, the module owner may not have heard about SIDs or not be interested in assigning them (e.g., because of lack of software or procedures within their organization). For these two cases (which we will call type-3, "SID-oblivious" module controller), module repositories can act as a mediator, giving SID users access to a SID assigner that is carefully chosen to be a likely choice by other module repositories as well, maximizing the likelihood of achieving objective 2. If the module controller has heard about SIDs, but is not assigning them yet, it can designate a SID assigner instead. This can lead to a stable, unique set of SID assignments being provided indirectly by a (type-2, "SID-aware") module developer. Entities offering designated SID assigner services could make these available in an easy-to-use way, e.g., via a Web interface. The entity acting as a SID assigner minimally needs to record the SID range it uses for the SID assignment. If the SID range registry can record the module name and revision, and the assignment processes (including the software used) are stable, the SID assigner can theoretically reconstruct its assignments, but this is an invitation for implementation bugs. SID assigners attending to a module in development (not yet stable) need to decide whether SIDs for a new revision are re-assigned from scratch ("clean-slate") or use existing assignments from a previous revision as a base, only assigning new SIDs for new names. Once a module is declared stable, its SID assignments SHOULD be declared stable as well (the exception being that, for existing YANG modules, some review may be needed before this is done). This specification does not further discuss how mediating entities such as designated SID assigners or SID repositories could operate; instead, it supplies objectives for their operation.

".sid" file lifecycle YANG is a language designed to model data accessed using one of the compatible protocols (e.g. NETCONF , RESTCONF and CORECONF ). A YANG module defines hierarchies of data, including configuration, state data, RPCs, actions and notifications. Many YANG modules are not created in the context of constrained applications. YANG modules can be implemented using NETCONF or RESTCONF without the need to assign SIDs. As needed, authors of YANG modules can assign SIDs to their YANG modules. In order to do that, they should first obtain a SID range from a registry and use that range to assign or generate SIDs to items of their YANG module. The assignments can then be stored in a ".sid" file. For example on how this could be achieved, please refer to . Items introduced by a new revision of a YANG module are added to the list of SIDs already assigned. When this is done during development of a new protocol document, it may be necessary to make provisional assignments. They may get changed, revised or withdrawn during the development of a new standard. These provisional assignments are marked with a status of "unstable", so that they can be removed and the SID number possibly be reassigned for a different YANG schema name/path later during development. When the specification is advanced to a final document, then the assignment is marked with a status of "stable". During a period of development starting from a published specification, two variants of the SID file should be made available by the tooling involved in that development: (1) a "published" SID file with the existing stable SID assignments only (which the development effort should keep stable), as well as (2) an "unpublished" SID file that also contains the unstable SID assignments. Registration of the ".sid" file associated to a YANG module is optional but recommended to promote interoperability between devices and to avoid duplicate allocation of SIDs to a single YANG module. Different registries might have different requirements for the registration and publication of the ".sid" files. For a diagram of one of the possibilities, please refer to the activity diagram on in . Each time a YANG module or one of its imported module(s) or included sub-module(s) is updated, a new ".sid" file MAY be created if the new or updated items will need SIDs. All the SIDs present in the previous version of the ".sid" file MUST be present in the new version as well. The creation of this new version of the ".sid" file SHOULD be performed using an automated tool. If a new revision requires more SIDs than initially allocated, a new SID range MUST be added to the 'assignment-range' as defined in . These extra SIDs are used for subsequent assignments. For an example of this update process, see activity diagram in .

".sid" file format ".sid" files are used to persist and publish SIDs assigned to the different YANG items of a specific YANG module. It has the following structure:

YANG tree for ietf-sid-file

The following YANG module defines the structure of this file, encoding is performed in JSON using the rules defined in . It references ietf-yang-types defined in and ietf-yang-structure-ext defined in . RFC Ed.: please update the date of the module and Copyright if needed and remove this note.

YANG module ietf-sid-file WG List: Editor: Michel Veillette Editor: Andy Bierman Editor: Alexander Pelov Editor: Ivaylo Petrov "; description "Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as authors of the code. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfcXXXX); see the RFC itself for full legal notices. The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'NOT RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 (RFC 2119) (RFC 8174) when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. This module defines the structure of the .sid files. Each .sid file contains the mapping between each string identifier defined by a YANG module and a corresponding numeric value called YANG SID."; revision 2023-03-01 { description "Initial revision."; reference "[RFC XXXX] YANG Schema Item iDentifier (YANG SID)"; } typedef revision-identifier { type string { pattern '[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}'; } description "Represents a date in YYYY-MM-DD format."; } typedef sid-file-version-identifier { type uint32; description "Represents the version of a .sid file."; } typedef sid { type uint64 { range "0..9223372036854775807"; } description "YANG Schema Item iDentifier"; reference "[RFC XXXX] YANG Schema Item iDentifier (YANG SID)"; } typedef schema-node-path { type string { pattern '/[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_.]*:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_.]*' + '(/[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_.]*(:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_.]*)?)*'; } description "A schema-node path is an absolute YANG schema node identifier as defined by the YANG ABNF rule absolute-schema-nodeid, except that module names are used instead of prefixes. This string additionally follows the following rules: o The leftmost (top-level) data node name is always in the namespace-qualified form. o Any subsequent schema node name is in the namespace-qualified form if the node is defined in a module other than its parent node, and the simple form is used otherwise. No predicates are allowed."; reference "RFC 7950, The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language; Section 6.5: Schema Node Identifier;"; } sx:structure sid-file { uses sid-file-contents; } grouping sid-file { description "A grouping that contains a YANG container representing the file structure of a .sid files."; container sid-file { description "A wrapper container that together with the sx:structure extension marks the YANG data structures inside as not being intended to be implemented as part of a configuration datastore or as an operational state within the server."; uses sid-file-contents; } } grouping sid-file-contents { description "A grouping that defines the contents of a container that represents the file structure of a .sid files."; leaf module-name { type yang:yang-identifier; mandatory true; description "Name of the YANG module associated with this .sid file."; } leaf module-revision { type revision-identifier; description "Revision of the YANG module associated with this .sid file. This leaf is not present if no revision statement is defined in the YANG module."; } leaf sid-file-version { type sid-file-version-identifier; default 0; description "Optional leaf that specifies the version number of the .sid file. .sid files and the version sequence are specific to a given YANG module revision. This number starts at zero when there is a new YANG module revision and increases monotonically. This number can distinguish updates to the .sid file which are the result of new processing, or the result of reported errata."; } leaf sid-file-status { type enumeration { enum unpublished { description "This .sid file is unpublished [RFC8407], also called a work-in-progress or workfile. This may be when it accompanies an unpublished YANG module, or when only the .sid file itself is unpublished. The 'item' list MAY contain entries with a status value of 'unstable'."; } enum published { description "This .sid file is published, for a published YANG module. The 'item' list MUST NOT contain entries with a status value of 'unstable'."; } } default published; description "Optional leaf that specifies the status of the .sid file."; } leaf description { type string; description "Free-form meta information about the generated file. It might include .sid file generation tool and time among other things."; } list dependency-revision { key "module-name"; description "Information about the used revision during the .sid file generation of each YANG module that the module in 'module-name' imported."; leaf module-name { type yang:yang-identifier; description "Name of the YANG module, dependency of 'module-name', for which revision information is provided."; } leaf module-revision { type revision-identifier; mandatory true; description "Revision of the YANG module, dependency of 'module-name', for which revision information is provided."; } } list assignment-range { key "entry-point"; description "YANG SID range(s) allocated to the YANG module identified by 'module-name' and 'module-revision'. - The YANG SID range first available value is entry-point and the last available value in the range is (entry-point + size - 1). - The YANG SID ranges specified by all assignment-ranges MUST NOT overlap."; leaf entry-point { type sid; description "Lowest YANG SID available for assignment."; } leaf size { type uint64; mandatory true; description "Number of YANG SIDs available for assignment."; } } list item { key "namespace identifier"; unique "sid"; description "Each entry within this list defines the mapping between a YANG item string identifier and a YANG SID. This list MUST include a mapping entry for each YANG item defined by the YANG module identified by 'module-name' and 'module-revision'."; leaf status { type enumeration { enum stable { value 0; description "This SID allocation has been published as the stable allocation for the given namespace and identifier."; } enum unstable { value 1; description "This SID allocation has been done during a development process; it is not yet stable."; } enum obsolete { value 2; description "This SID allocation is no longer in use. It is recorded to avoid reallocation of its SID value."; } } default stable; description "The status field contains information about the stability of the allocation. For each specific SID value, over time it can only transition from unstable to stable, and possibly from stable to obsolete."; } leaf namespace { type enumeration { enum module { value 0; description "All module and submodule names share the same global module identifier namespace."; } enum identity { value 1; description "All identity names defined in a module and its submodules share the same identity identifier namespace."; } enum feature { value 2; description "All feature names defined in a module and its submodules share the same feature identifier namespace."; } enum data { value 3; description "The namespace for all data nodes, as defined in YANG."; } } description "Namespace of the YANG item for this mapping entry."; } leaf identifier { type union { type yang:yang-identifier; type schema-node-path; } description "String identifier of the YANG item for this mapping entry. If the corresponding 'namespace' field is 'module', 'feature', or 'identity', then this field MUST contain a valid YANG identifier string. If the corresponding 'namespace' field is 'data', then this field MUST contain a valid schema node path."; } leaf sid { type sid; mandatory true; description "YANG SID assigned to the YANG item for this mapping entry."; } } } } ]]>

Security Considerations This document defines a new type of identifier used to encode data that are modeled in YANG . This new identifier maps semantic concepts to integers, and if the source of this mapping is not trusted, then new security risks might occur if an attacker can control the mapping. At the time of writing, it is expected that the SID files will be processed by a software developer, within a software development environment. Developers are advised to only import SID files from authoritative sources. IANA is the authoritative source for IETF managed YANG modules. Conceptually, SID files could be processed by less-constrained target systems such as network management systems. Such systems need to take extra care to make sure that they are only processing SID files from authoritative sources, as authoritative as the YANG modules that they are using.

IANA Considerations

YANG Namespace Registration This document registers the following XML namespace URN in the "IETF XML Registry", following the format defined in : URI: please assign urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-sid-file Registrant Contact: The IESG. XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace. Reference: RFC XXXX // RFC Ed.: please replace XXXX with RFC number and remove this note

Register ".sid" File Format Module This document registers one YANG module in the "YANG Module Names" registry :

• name: ietf-sid-file
• namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-sid-file
• prefix: sid
• reference: RFC XXXX

// RFC Ed.: please replace XXXX with RFC number and remove this note

Create new IANA Registry: "YANG SID Mega-Range" registry The name of this registry is "YANG SID Mega-Range". This registry is used to record the delegation of the management of a block of SIDs to third parties (such as SDOs or registrars).

Structure Each entry in this registry must include:

• The entry point (first SID) of the registered SID block.
• The size of the registered SID block. The size SHOULD be one million (1 000 000) SIDs, it MAY exceptionally be a multiple of 1 000 000.
• The contact information of the requesting organization including:
  • The policy of SID range allocations: Public, Private or Both.
  • Organization name
  • URL

Allocation policy The IANA policy for future additions to this registry is "Expert Review" . An organization requesting to manage a YANG SID Range (and thus have an entry in the YANG SID Mega-Range Registry), must ensure the following capacities:

• The capacity to manage and operate a YANG SID Range Registry. A YANG SID Range Registry MUST provide the following information for all YANG SID Ranges allocated by the Registry:
  • Entry Point of allocated YANG SID Range
  • Size of allocated YANG SID Range
  • Type: Public or Private
    • Public Ranges MUST include at least a reference to the YANG module and ".sid" files for that YANG SID Range (e.g., compare for the IETF YANG SID registry).
    • Private Ranges MUST be marked as "Private"
• A Policy of allocation, which clearly identifies if the YANG SID Range allocations would be Private, Public or Both.
• Technical capacity to ensure the sustained operation of the registry for a period of at least 5 years. If Private Registrations are allowed, the period must be of at least 10 years.

If a size of the allocation beyond 1 000 000 is desired, the organization must demonstrate the sustainability of the technical approach for utilizing this size of allocation and how it does not negatively impact the overall usability of the SID allocation mechanisms; such allocations are preferably placed in the space above 4 295 000 000 (64-bit space).

First allocation For a first allocation to be provided, the requesting organization must demonstrate a functional registry infrastructure.

Consecutive allocations On subsequent allocation request(s), the organization must demonstrate the exhaustion of the prior range. These conditions need to be asserted by the assigned expert(s). If that extra-allocation is done within 3 years from the last allocation, the experts need to discuss this request on the CORE working group mailing list and consensus needs to be obtained before allocating a new Mega-Range.

Initial contents of the Registry The initial entry in this registry is allocated to IANA:

Entry Point	Size	Allocation	Organization name	URL
0	1000000	Public	IANA	iana.org

Create a new IANA Registry: IETF YANG SID Range Registry (managed by IANA)

Structure Each entry in this registry must include:

• The SID range entry point.
• The SID range size.
• The YANG module name.
• Document reference.

Allocation policy The first million SIDs assigned to IANA is sub-divided as follows:

• The range of 0 to 999 (size 1000) is subject to "IESG Approval" as defined in ; of these, SID value 0 has been reserved for implementations to internally signify the absence of a SID number and does not occur in interchange.
• The range of 1000 to 59,999 (size 59,000) is designated for YANG modules defined in RFCs.
  • The IANA policy for additions to this registry is either:
    • "Expert Review" in case the ".sid" file comes from a YANG module from an existing RFC, or
    • "RFC Required" otherwise.
  • The Expert MUST verify that the YANG module for which this allocation is made has an RFC (existing RFC) OR is on track to become RFC (early allocation with a request from the WG chairs as defined by ).
• The range of 60,000 to 99,999 (size 40,000) is reserved for experimental YANG modules. This range MUST NOT be used in operational deployments since these SIDs are not globally unique which limit their interoperability. The IANA policy for this range is "Experimental use" .
• The range of 100,000 to 999,999 (size 900,000) is "Reserved" as defined in .

Entry Point	Size	IANA policy
0	1,000	IESG Approval
1,000	59,000	RFC Required
60,000	40,000	Experimental/Private use
100,000	900,000	Reserved

The size of the SID range allocated for a YANG module is recommended to be a multiple of 50 and to be at least 33% above the current number of YANG items. This headroom allows assignment within the same range of new YANG items introduced by subsequent revisions. The SID range size SHOULD NOT exceed 1000; a larger size may be requested by the authors if this recommendation is considered insufficient. It is important to note that an additional SID range can be allocated to an existing YANG module if the initial range is exhausted; this then just leads to slightly less efficient representation. In case a SID range is allocated for an existing RFC through the "Expert Review" policy, the Document reference field for the given allocation should point to the RFC that the YANG module is defined in. In case a SID range is required before publishing the RFC due to implementations needing stable SID values, early allocation as defined in can be employed for the "RFC Required" range (Section 2 of ).

Publication of the ".sid" file For a YANG module approved for publication as an RFC, a ".sid" file SHOULD be included in the Internet-Draft as a source code block. This ".sid" file is to be extracted by IANA/the expert reviewer and put into the YANG SID Registry () along with the YANG module. The ".sid" file MUST NOT be published as part of the RFC: the IANA Registry is authoritative and a link is to be inserted in the RFC. A published ".sid" file MUST NOT contain schema-node allocations with an unstable status.

Initial contents of the registry Initial entries in this registry are as follows:

Entry Point	Size	Module name	Document reference
0	1	(Reserved: not a valid SID)	RFCXXXX
1000	100	ietf-coreconf
1100	50	ietf-yang-types
1150	50	ietf-inet-types
1200	50	iana-crypt-hash
1250	50	ietf-netconf-acm
1300	50	ietf-sid-file	RFCXXXX
1500	100	ietf-interfaces
1600	100	ietf-ip
1700	100	ietf-system
1800	400	iana-if-type
2400	50	ietf-voucher
2450	50	ietf-constrained-voucher
2500	50	ietf-constrained-voucher-request

// RFC Ed.: replace XXXX with RFC number assigned to this draft. For allocation, RFC publication of the YANG module is required as per . The YANG module must be registered in the "YANG module Name" registry according to the rules specified in .

Create new IANA Registry: "IETF YANG SID Registry" The name of this registry is "IETF YANG SID Registry". This registry is used to record the allocation of SIDs for individual YANG module items.

Structure Each entry in this registry must include:

• The YANG module name. This module name must be present in the "Name" column of the "YANG Module Names" registry.
• A link to the associated ".yang" file. This file link must be present in the "File" column of the "YANG Module Names" registry.
• The link to the ".sid" file which defines the allocation. The ".sid" file is stored by IANA.
• The number of actually allocated SIDs in the ".sid" file.

Allocation policy The allocation policy is Expert review. The Expert MUST ensure that the following conditions are met:

• The ".sid" file has a valid structure:
  • The ".sid" file MUST be a valid JSON file following the structure of the module defined in RFCXXXX (RFC Ed: replace XXX with RFC number assigned to this draft).
• The ".sid" file allocates individual SIDs ONLY in the YANG SID Ranges for this YANG module (as allocated in the IETF YANG SID Range Registry):
  • All SIDs in this ".sid" file MUST be within the ranges allocated to this YANG module in the "IETF YANG SID Range Registry".
• If another ".sid" file has already allocated SIDs for this YANG module (e.g. for older or newer versions of the YANG module), the YANG items are assigned the same SIDs as in the other ".sid" file.
• If there is an older version of the ".sid" file, all allocated SIDs from that version are still present in the current version of the ".sid" file.

Recursive Allocation of YANG SID Range at Document Adoption Due to the difficulty in changing SID values during IETF document processing, it is expected that most documents will ask for SID allocations using Early Allocations . The details of the Early Allocation should be included in any Working Group Adoption call. Prior to Working Group Adoption, an internet draft author can use the experimental SID range (as per ) for their SIDs allocations or other values that do not create ambiguity with other SID uses (for example they can use a range that comes from a non-IANA managed "YANG SID Mega-Range" registry). After Working Group Adoption, any modification of a ".sid" file is expected to be discussed on the mailing list of the appropriate Working Groups. Specific attention should be paid to implementers' opinion after Working Group Last Call if a SID value is to change its meaning. In all cases, a ".sid" file and the SIDs associated with it are subject to change before the publication of an internet draft as an RFC. During the early use of SIDs, many existing, previously published YANG modules will not have SID allocations. For an allocation to be useful the included YANG modules may also need to have SID allocations made. The Expert Reviewer who performs the (Early) Allocation analysis will need to go through the list of included YANG modules and perform SID allocations for those modules as well.

• If the document is a published RFC, then the allocation of SIDs for its referenced YANG modules is permanent. The Expert Reviewer provides the generated ".sid" file to IANA for registration. This process may be time-consuming during a bootstrap period (there are over 100 YANG modules to date, none of which have SID allocations), but should quiet down once needed entries are allocated.
• If the document is an unprocessed Internet-Draft adopted in a WG, then an Early Allocation is performed for this document as well. Early Allocations require approval by an IESG Area Director. An early allocation which requires additional allocations will list the other allocations in its description, and will be cross-posted to the any other working group mailing lists.
• A YANG module which references a module in a document which has not yet been adopted by any working group will be unable to perform an Early Allocation for that other document until it is adopted by a working group. As described in , an AD Sponsored document acts as if it had a working group. The approving AD may also exempt a document from this policy by agreeing to AD Sponsor the document.

At the end of the IETF process all the dependencies of a given module for which SIDs are assigned, should also have SIDs assigned. Those dependencies' assignments should be permanent (not Early Allocation). A previously SID-allocated YANG module which changes its references to include a YANG module for which there is no SID allocation needs to repeat the Early Allocation process. Early Allocations are made with a one-year period, after which they need to be renewed or will expire. also says:

Initial contents of the registry None.

References Normative References This document describes an IANA maintained registry for IETF standards which use Extensible Markup Language (XML) related items such as Namespaces, Document Type Declarations (DTDs), Schemas, and Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schemas. This document introduces a collection of common data types to be used with the YANG data modeling language. This document obsoletes RFC 6021. This memo describes the process for early allocation of code points by IANA from registries for which "Specification Required", "RFC Required", "IETF Review", or "Standards Action" policies apply. This process can be used to alleviate the problem where code point allocation is needed to facilitate desired or required implementation and deployment experience prior to publication of an RFC, which would normally trigger code point allocation. The procedures in this document are intended to apply only to IETF Stream documents. YANG is a data modeling language used to model configuration data, state data, Remote Procedure Calls, and notifications for network management protocols. This document describes the syntax and semantics of version 1.1 of the YANG language. YANG version 1.1 is a maintenance release of the YANG language, addressing ambiguities and defects in the original specification. There are a small number of backward incompatibilities from YANG version 1. This document also specifies the YANG mappings to the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF). This document defines encoding rules for representing configuration data, state data, parameters of Remote Procedure Call (RPC) operations or actions, and notifications defined using YANG as JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) text. This document describes an HTTP-based protocol that provides a programmatic interface for accessing data defined in YANG, using the datastore concepts defined in the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF). JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a lightweight, text-based, language-independent data interchange format. It was derived from the ECMAScript Programming Language Standard. JSON defines a small set of formatting rules for the portable representation of structured data. This document removes inconsistencies with other specifications of JSON, repairs specification errors, and offers experience-based interoperability guidance. This document describes YANG mechanisms for defining abstract data structures with YANG. In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. Informative References YANG is a data modeling language used to model configuration and state data manipulated by the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF), NETCONF remote procedure calls, and NETCONF notifications. [STANDARDS-TRACK] The Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) defined in this document provides mechanisms to install, manipulate, and delete the configuration of network devices. It uses an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based data encoding for the configuration data as well as the protocol messages. The NETCONF protocol operations are realized as remote procedure calls (RPCs). This document obsoletes RFC 4741. [STANDARDS-TRACK] This document defines the initial version of the iana-if-type YANG module. The Internet Protocol Suite is increasingly used on small devices with severe constraints on power, memory, and processing resources, creating constrained-node networks. This document provides a number of basic terms that have been useful in the standardization work for constrained-node networks. This document defines a YANG data model for the configuration and identification of some common system properties within a device containing a Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) server. This document also includes data node definitions for system identification, time-of-day management, user management, DNS resolver configuration, and some protocol operations for system management. Many protocols make use of points of extensibility that use constants to identify various protocol parameters. To ensure that the values in these fields do not have conflicting uses and to promote interoperability, their allocations are often coordinated by a central record keeper. For IETF protocols, that role is filled by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). To make assignments in a given registry prudently, guidance describing the conditions under which new values should be assigned, as well as when and how modifications to existing values can be made, is needed. This document defines a framework for the documentation of these guidelines by specification authors, in order to assure that the provided guidance for the IANA Considerations is clear and addresses the various issues that are likely in the operation of a registry. This is the third edition of this document; it obsoletes RFC 5226. The standardization of network configuration interfaces for use with the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) or the RESTCONF protocol requires a structured and secure operating environment that promotes human usability and multi-vendor interoperability. There is a need for standard mechanisms to restrict NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol access for particular users to a preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol operations and content. This document defines such an access control model. This document obsoletes RFC 6536. This document defines a YANG data model for the management of network interfaces. It is expected that interface-type-specific data models augment the generic interfaces data model defined in this document. The data model includes definitions for configuration and system state (status information and counters for the collection of statistics). The YANG data model in this document conforms to the Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA) defined in RFC 8342. This document obsoletes RFC 7223. This document defines a YANG data model for management of IP implementations. The data model includes configuration and system state. The YANG data model in this document conforms to the Network Management Datastore Architecture defined in RFC 8342. This document obsoletes RFC 7277. This document defines a strategy to securely assign a pledge to an owner using an artifact signed, directly or indirectly, by the pledge's manufacturer. This artifact is known as a "voucher". This document defines an artifact format as a YANG-defined JSON document that has been signed using a Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) structure. Other YANG-derived formats are possible. The voucher artifact is normally generated by the pledge's manufacturer (i.e., the Manufacturer Authorized Signing Authority (MASA)). This document only defines the voucher artifact, leaving it to other documents to describe specialized protocols for accessing it. This document defines two strategies for handling long lines in width-bounded text content. One strategy, called the "single backslash" strategy, is based on the historical use of a single backslash ('\') character to indicate where line-folding has occurred, with the continuation occurring with the first character that is not a space character (' ') on the next line. The second strategy, called the "double backslash" strategy, extends the first strategy by adding a second backslash character to identify where the continuation begins and is thereby able to handle cases not supported by the first strategy. Both strategies use a self-describing header enabling automated reconstitution of the original content. Trilliant Networks Inc. consultant Acklio YumaWorks Universität Bremen TZI This document describes a network management interface for constrained devices and networks, called CoAP Management Interface (CORECONF). The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is used to access datastore and data node resources specified in YANG, or SMIv2 converted to YANG. CORECONF uses the YANG to CBOR mapping and converts YANG identifier strings to numeric identifiers for payload size reduction. CORECONF extends the set of YANG based protocols, NETCONF and RESTCONF, with the capability to manage constrained devices and networks. Trilliant Networks Inc. Acklio This document describes a constrained version of the YANG library that provides information about the YANG modules, datastores, and datastore schemas used by a constrained network management server (e.g., a CORECONF server). Sandelman Software Works vanderstok consultancy Cisco Systems IoTconsultancy.nl This document defines the Constrained Bootstrapping Remote Secure Key Infrastructure (Constrained BRSKI) protocol, which provides a solution for secure zero-touch bootstrapping of resource-constrained (IoT) devices into the network of a domain owner. This protocol is designed for constrained networks, which may have limited data throughput or may experience frequent packet loss. Constrained BRSKI is a variant of the BRSKI protocol, which uses an artifact signed by the device manufacturer called the "voucher" which enables a new device and the owner's network to mutually authenticate. While the BRSKI voucher is typically encoded in JSON, Constrained BRSKI uses a compact CBOR-encoded voucher. The BRSKI voucher is extended with new data types that allow for smaller voucher sizes. The Enrollment over Secure Transport (EST) protocol, used in BRSKI, is replaced with EST- over-CoAPS; and HTTPS used in BRSKI is replaced with CoAPS. This document Updates RFC 8366 and RFC 8995. YANG (RFC 7950) is a data modeling language used to model configuration data, state data, parameters and results of Remote Procedure Call (RPC) operations or actions, and notifications. This document defines encoding rules for YANG in the Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) (RFC 8949). There is a need to document data defined in YANG models at design time, implementation time, or when a live server is unavailable. This document specifies a standard file format for YANG instance data, which follows the syntax and semantics of existing YANG models and annotates it with metadata.

".sid" file example The following ".sid" file (ietf-system@2014-08-06.sid) has been generated using the following yang modules:

• ietf-system@2014-08-06.yang (defined in )
• ietf-yang-types@2013-07-15.yang (defined in )
• ietf-inet-types@2013-07-15.yang (defined in )
• ietf-netconf-acm@2018-02-14.yang (defined in )
• iana-crypt-hash@2014-08-06.yang (defined in )

For purposes of exposition, line breaks have been introduced below in some JSON strings that represent overly long identifiers.

Example .sid file (ietf-system, with extra line-breaks)

SID auto generation Assignment of SIDs to YANG items SHOULD be automated. The recommended process to assign SIDs is as follows:

1. A tool extracts the different items defined for a specific YANG module.
2. The list of items is sorted in alphabetical order, 'namespace' in descending order, 'identifier' in ascending order. The 'namespace' and 'identifier' formats are described in the YANG module 'ietf-sid-file' defined in .
3. SIDs are assigned sequentially from the entry point up to the size of the registered SID range. This approach is recommended to minimize the serialization overhead, especially when delta between a reference SID and the current SID is used by protocols aiming to reduce message size.
4. If the number of items exceeds the SID range(s) allocated to a YANG module, an extra range is added for subsequent assignments.
5. The "dependency-revision" should reflect the revision numbers of each YANG module that the YANG module imports at the moment of the generation.

When updating a YANG module that is in active use, the existing SID assignments are maintained. (In contrast, when evolving an early draft that has not yet been adopted by a community of developers, SID assignments are often better done from scratch after a revision.) If the name of a schema node changes, but the data remain structurally and semantically similar to what was previously available under an old name, the SID that was used for the old name MAY continue to be used for the new name. If the meaning of an item changes, a new SID MAY be assigned to it; this is particularly useful to allow the new SID to identify the new structure or semantics of the item. If the YANG data type changes in a new revision of a published module, such that the resulting CBOR encoding is changed, then implementations will be aided significantly if a new SID is assigned. Note that these decisions are generally at the discretion of the YANG module author, who should decide if the benefits of a manual intervention are worth the deviation from automatic assignment. In case of an update to an existing ".sid" file, an additional step is needed that increments the ".sid" file version number. If there was no version number in the previous version of the ".sid" file, 0 is assumed as the version number of the old version of the ".sid" file and the version number is 1 for the new ".sid" file. Apart from that, changes of ".sid" files can also be automated using the same method described above, only unassigned YÀNG items are processed at step #3. Already existing items in the ".sid" file should not be given new SIDs. Note that ".sid" file versions are specific to a YANG module revision. For each new YANG module or each new revision of an existing YANG module, the version number of the initial ".sid" file should either be 0 or should not be present. Note also that RPC or action "input" and "output" data nodes MUST always be assigned SID even if they don't contain data nodes. The reason for this requirement is that other modules can augment the given module and those SIDs might be necessary.

".sid" file lifecycle Before assigning SIDs to their YANG modules, YANG module authors must acquire a SID range from a "YANG SID Range Registry". If the YANG module is part of an IETF draft or RFC, the SID range need to be acquired from the "IETF YANG SID Range Registry" as defined in . For the other YANG modules, the authors can acquire a SID range from any "YANG SID Range Registry" of their choice. Once the SID range is acquired, owners can use it to generate ".sid" file/s for their YANG module/s. It is recommended to leave some unallocated SIDs following the allocated range in each ".sid" file in order to allow better evolution of the YANG module in the future. Generation of ".sid" files should be performed using an automated tool. Note that ".sid" files can only be generated for YANG modules and not for submodules.

".sid" File Creation The following activity diagram summarizes the creation of a YANG module and its associated ".sid" file.

SID Lifecycle | YANG module | / \ +------+--------+ | v .-------------. / Standardized \ yes \ YANG module ? /------------+ '-----+-------' | | no | v v .-------------. +---------------+ +--> / Constrained \ yes | SID range | | \ application ? /---->| registration |<--------+ | '-----+-------' +------+--------+ | | | no | | | v v | | +---------------+ +---------------+ | +----+ YANG module | | SID sub-range | | | update | | assignment |<---------+ +---------------+ +-------+-------+ | | | v | +---------------+ +------+------+ | ".sid" file | | Rework YANG | | generation | | module | +-------+-------+ +-------------+ | ^ v | .----------. yes | / Work in \ ------------+ \ progress / '----+-----' | no v .-------------. .-------------. / RFC \ no / Open \ no \ publication? /---> \ specification?/---+ '------+------' '------+------' | yes | | yes | | .-------------' | | / | v v v +---------------+ +---------------+ | IANA | | Third party | | registration | | registration | +-------+-------+ +----------+----+ | | +----------------------------------+ v [DONE] ]]>

".sid" File Update The following Activity diagram summarizes the update of a YANG module and its associated ".sid" file.

YANG and ".sid" file update | YANG module | / \ | or include(s) | | or import(s) | +------+--------+ | v .-------------. / New items \ yes \ created ? /------+ '------+------' | | no v | .-------------. +----------------+ | / SID range \ yes | Extra sub-range| | \ exhausted ? /---->| assignment | | '------+------' +-------+--------+ | | no | | +---------------------+ | | | v | +---------------+ | | ".sid" file | | | update based | | | on previous | | | ".sid" file | | +-------+-------+ | | | v | .-------------. +---------------+ | / Publicly \ yes | YANG module | | \ available ? /---->| registration | | '------+------' +-------+-------+ | | no | +--------------+---------------------+ | [DONE] ]]>

Keeping a SID File in a YANG Instance Data file defines a format for "YANG Instance Data". This essentially leads to an encapsulation of the instance data within some metadata envelope. If a SID file needs to be stored in a YANG Instance Data file, this can be achieved by embedding the value of the SID file as the value of the content-data member in the following template, and copying over the second-level members as indicated with the angle brackets: @.sid", "description": [""], "content-schema": { "module": "ietf-sid-file@2023-03-01" }, "content-data": { "ietf-sid-file:sid-file" : { "module-name": ... } } } } ]]> RFC editor: Please replace the module date by the correct one for the ietf-sid-file module.

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank , , , , and for their help during the development of this document and their useful comments during the review process. Special thanks go to the IESG members who supplied very useful comments during the IESG processing phase, in particular to and .

Contributors YumaWorks

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